Create a Hardware Model

Updated

Introduction

You can create a hardware model if you don't see your model in the ZEDEDA Cloud global marketplace or in your own local marketplace. This might be the case if you're bringing in brand new hardware for internal testing, lab environment, or proof of concept. 

This process for creating a hardware model uses an Advantech UNO 148 as an example. All hardware models differ, but the process remains similar. Submit a support request with questions or for assistance on this process. 

This article walks you through the steps to retrieve information from a device imaged with EVE-OS. With that information, you can create a hardware model JSON file that you upload to ZEDEDA Cloud to create or update a hardware model in your local marketplace.  

This is a series of articles. You will likely follow them in this order.

  1. Create a Hardware Model - You are here!
  2. Use the ZEDEDA CLI to Upload a Hardware Model
  3. Use ZCLI to Update a Hardware Model Logo

Prerequisites

Reference commands

This article references the following Linux commands:

  • spec.sh: gets the specs of your hardware device
  • lspci -k: lists all Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) devices on the system
  • find /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/ -type l: identifies Input-Output Memory Management Unit (IOMMU) groups on the system
  • dmesg: displays the kernel ring buffer messages for detailed information about the system's boot process, hardware detection, device drivers, kernel events, and more  
  • lsusb: lists all USB devices connected to the system
  • lsusb -t: shows a tree view of the USB devices and their connection hierarchy

See the appendix for the output of all the commands run on the Advantech UNO 148 during this process.

List Available Adapters

Use the spec.sh script to list the available adapters. EVE-OS makes a "best-effort" attempt to learn and list available adapters in the output. In most cases, you must correct this file.

    1. SSH into your edge device, using the credentials you set during the prerequisites. 
    2. In EVE-OS command line, run the command:
      spec.sh
    3. Note that this article references the following output and line numbers throughout the various sections.
      Example spec.sh output
      1	{
2	"arch": 2,
3	"productURL": "",
4	"productStatus": "production",
5	"attr": {
6	"memory": "62G",
7	"storage": "238G",
8	"Cpus": "8",
9	"watchdog": "true",
10	"hsm": "1",
11	"leds": "0"
12	},
13	"logo": {
14	"logo_back":""/workspace/spec/logo_back.jpg"",
15	"logo_front":""/workspace/spec/logo_front.jpg""
16	},
17	"ioMemberList": [
18	{
19	"ztype": 7,
20	"phylabel": "VGA",
21	"assigngrp": "group1",
22	"phyaddrs": {
23	"PciLong": "0000:00:02.0"
24	},
25	"logicallabel": "VGA",
26	"usagePolicy": {}
27	},
28	{
29	"ztype": 2,
30	"phylabel": "USB",
31	"assigngrp": "group4",
32	"phyaddrs": {
33	"PciLong": "0000:00:14.0"
34	},
35	"logicallabel": "USB",
36	"usagePolicy": {}
37	},
38	{
39	"ztype": 2,
40	"phylabel": "USB1",
41	"assigngrp": "group4",
42	"phyaddrs": {
43	"PciLong": "0000:00:14.1"
44	},
45	"logicallabel": "USB1",
46	"usagePolicy": {}
47	},
48	{
49	"ztype": 255,
50	"phylabel": "NVME",
51	"assigngrp": "group10",
52	"phyaddrs": {
53	"PciLong": "0000:01:00.0"
54	},
55	"logicallabel": "NVME",
56	"usagePolicy": {}
57	},
58	{
59	"ztype": 3,
60	"phylabel": "COM1",
61	"assigngrp": "COM1",
62	"phyaddrs": {
63	"Ioports": "3f8-3ff",
64	"Irq": "4",
65	"Serial": "/dev/ttyS0"
66	},
67	"logicallabel": "COM1",
68	"usagePolicy": {}
69	},
70	{
71	"ztype": 3,
72	"phylabel": "COM2",
73	"assigngrp": "COM2",
74	"phyaddrs": {
75	"Ioports": "2f8-2ff",
76	"Irq": "3",
77	"Serial": "/dev/ttyS1"
78	},
79	"logicallabel": "COM2",
80	"usagePolicy": {}
81	},
82	{
83	"ztype": 3,
84	"phylabel": "COM3",
85	"assigngrp": "COM3",
86	"phyaddrs": {
87	"Ioports": "3e8-3ef",
88	"Irq": "5",
89	"Serial": "/dev/ttyS2"
90	},
91	"logicallabel": "COM3",
92	"usagePolicy": {}
93	},
94	{
95	"ztype": 3,
96	"phylabel": "COM4",
97	"assigngrp": "COM4",
98	"phyaddrs": {
99	"Ioports": "2e8-2ef",
100	"Irq": "7",
101	"Serial": "/dev/ttyS3"
102	},
103	"logicallabel": "COM4",
104	"usagePolicy": {}
105	},
106	{
107	"ztype": 1,
108	"usage": 1,
109	"phylabel": "eth0",
110	"logicallabel": "eth0",
111	"usagePolicy": {},
112	"cost": 0,
113	"assigngrp": "",
114	"phyaddrs": {
115	"Ifname": "eth0",
116	"PciLong": "0000:00:1f.6"
117	}
118	},
119	{
120	"ztype": 1,
121	"usage": 1,
122	"phylabel": "eth1",
123	"logicallabel": "eth1",
124	"usagePolicy": {},
125	"cost": 0,
126	"assigngrp": "group11",
127	"phyaddrs": {
128	"Ifname": "eth1",
129	"PciLong": "0000:02:00.0"
130	}
131	},
132	{
133	"ztype": 1,
134	"usage": 1,
135	"phylabel": "eth2",
136	"logicallabel": "eth2",
137	"usagePolicy": {},
138	"cost": 0,
139	"assigngrp": "group12",
140	"phyaddrs": {
141	"Ifname": "eth2",
142	"PciLong": "0000:03:00.0"
143	}
144	}
145	]
146	}

Remove the Logo

Logos provide front and back images of the physical device. If you see placeholder paths to logo images on line 14 & 15, you need to remove them. If you don't remove the default placeholder text, you'll get a cosmetic error. 

  1. Check for logo placeholder paths on line 14 and 15. 
    13 "logo": { 
14 "logo_back":"/workspace/spec/logo_back.jpg", 
15 "logo_front":"/workspace/spec/logo_front.jpg" 
16 },
  2. Remove the image placeholder paths from  logo_back and logo_front.
    13 "logo": { 
14 "logo_back":"", 
15 "logo_front":"" 
16 },
  3. Save as a JSON file, such as MyAdvUno148.json.

Validate Adapters

As mentioned, the spec.sh output is a "best-effort" attempt to list out available adapters. You need to validate all your adapters and revise your JSON file accordingly. The Advantech UNO 148 has 2 VGA ports, 4 USB ports, and 4 COM ports, so that is what this procedure is validating. Your device might be different.

You should take note of all your visible physical adapters, such as USB and COM and more, but they may not all be individually assignable or usable, depending on the underlying hardware's architecture.

 

Validate VGA adapters

Use the lspci command to list all the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) devices connected to the system. The -k option adds more detailed information, specifically showing the kernel driver.

  1. Run the command:
    lspci -k
  2. Verify the output of the lspci command against your MyAdvUno148.json file.
    ...
    #lspci
    00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation TigerLake-LP 
    GT2 (Iris Xe Graphics) (rev01) 
    DeviceName: Onboard - Video
    Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 22.1
    ...
  3. If you see the VGA PciLong entry on line 23 as "02.0" in your MyAdvUno148.json file, that’s good. 
  4. If the VGA PciLong entry is empty or incorrect in your MyAdvUno148.json file, update it to match what you see in the lspci output. 
    #MyAdvUno148.json
17	"ioMemberList": [
18	{
19	"ztype": 7,
20	"phylabel": "VGA",
21	"assigngrp": "group1",
22	"phyaddrs": {
23	"PciLong": "0000:00:02.0"
24	},
25	"logicallabel": "VGA",
26	"usagePolicy": {}
27	},
  1. Run the find iommu_group command to verify the group associated with the PCI address:
    find /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/ -type l
  1. Verify the find iommu output against your MyAdvUno148.json file.
    …
    #find
    /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/1/devices/0000:00:02.0
    …
  2. If you see the PCI address "02.0"  and “group1” in line 21 of your MyAdvUno148.json file, that’s good. 
  3. If the PCI address or group is empty or incorrect in your MyAdvUno148.json file, update it to match what you see in the iommu group output.
    #MyAdvUno148.json
17	"ioMemberList": [
18	{
19	"ztype": 7,
20	"phylabel": "VGA",
21	"assigngrp": "group1",
22	"phyaddrs": {
23	"PciLong": "0000:00:02.0"
24	},
25	"logicallabel": "VGA",
26	"usagePolicy": {}
27	},
  1. Save your MyAdvUno148.json file.   

Note that while there are two physical DisplayPorts on the device, both are assigned to a single controller. You can create a mapping for a single controller that can be configured for PCI passthrough by EVE-OS to an application.

In this case, assigning the VGA adapter will result in both DisplayPorts being presented to the single application. If there were two controllers, as in one for each DisplayPort, then individual assignment to applications may be possible.

Validate USB ports

The USB adapters are a good example of a different situation. The Advantech UNO 148 has four physical USB ports, but shows two. Unlike the VGA which has two, but shows one. 

#MyAdvUno148.json
28	{
29	"ztype": 2,
30	"phylabel": "USB",
31	"assigngrp": "",
32	"phyaddrs": {
33	"PciLong": "0000:00:14.0"
34	},
35	"logicallabel": "USB",
36	"usagePolicy": {}
37	},
38	{
39	"ztype": 2,
40	"phylabel": "USB1",
41	"assigngrp": "",
42	"phyaddrs": {
43	"PciLong": "0000:00:14.1"
44	},
45	"logicallabel": "USB1",
46	"usagePolicy": {}
47	},
  1. Run the command:
    lspci -k
  2. Verify the output of the lspci  command against your MyAdvUno148.json file.
    ...
    #lspci
    00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Tiger Lake-LP USB 3.2 Gen 2x1 xHCI Host Controller (rev 20) 
    DeviceName: Onboard - Other 
    Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
    00:14.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation Device a0ee (rev 20
    DeviceName: Onboard - Other
    Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 7270
    ...
  1. Run the find iommu_group command to verify the group associated with the PCI address:
    find /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/ -type l
  2. Verify the find iommu output against your MyAdvUno148.json file.
    …
    #find
    /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/4/devices/0000:00:014.0
    /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/4/devices/0000:00:014.1
    …
  3. If you see “group4” in line 31 and the PCI address "14.0" in line 33 of your MyAdvUno148.json file, that’s good. If you see “group4” in line 41 and the PCI address "14.1" in line 43 of your MyAdvUno148.json file, that’s good. 
  4. If the PCI address or group is empty or incorrect in your MyAdvUno148.json file, update it to match what you see in the iommu group output.
    #MyAdvUno148.json
28	{
29	"ztype": 2,
30	"phylabel": "USB",
31	"assigngrp": "group4",
32	"phyaddrs": {
33	"PciLong": "0000:00:14.0"
34	},
35	"logicallabel": "USB",
36	"usagePolicy": {}
37	},
38	{
39	"ztype": 2,
40	"phylabel": "USB1",
41	"assigngrp": "group4",
42	"phyaddrs": {
43	"PciLong": "0000:00:14.1"
44	},
45	"logicallabel": "USB1",
46	"usagePolicy": {}
47	},

The Advantech UNO 148 has four physical USB ports. However, the corresponding entries in the iommu group output show only two controllers as part of the same iommu group #4. This indicates that all four physical USB ports on the device are associated with a single controller group. Like the VGA adapter, all four USB ports would be assigned to a single application and cannot be split.

As a verification test, a USB keyboard was added to each individual port, then the command "lsusb -t" was run prior to removal in order to verify which USB Bus was associated with the physical port. See the dmesg output in the appendix showing that the USB keyboard was recognized on the controller with PCI address "14.0" during each test. 

Based on this output, delete the entire USB1 object from line 38 - 47.

#MyAdvUno148.json  
38	{
39	"ztype": 2,
40	"phylabel": "USB1",
41	"assigngrp": "group4",
42	"phyaddrs": {
43	"PciLong": "0000:00:14.1"
44	},
45	"logicallabel": "USB1",
46	"usagePolicy": {}
47	},

Omit NVME entry

For this example, we will omit the NVME entry and move on to the IOports. Delete the entire NVME object from line 48-57.

#MyAdvUno148.json	
48	{
49	"ztype": 255,
50	"phylabel": "NVME",
51	"assigngrp": "group10",
52	"phyaddrs": {
53	"PciLong": "0000:01:00.0"
54	},
55	"logicallabel": "NVME",
56	"usagePolicy": {}
57	},

Validate COM port

  1. Run the command:
    dmest | grep i ttyS
  2. Verify the output of the dmest  command against your MyAdvUno148.json file.
    ...
    #dmest
    [0.899467] 00:01: ttyS0 at I/O 0.3f8 (irq = 4, base_baud = 115200) is a 16550A 
    [0.899468] 00:02: ttyS1 at I/O 0.2f8 (irq = 3, base_baud = 115200) is a 16550A
    [0.899469] 00:03: ttyS2 at I/O 0.3e8 (irq = 5, base_baud = 115200) is a 16550A
    [0.899466] 00:04: ttyS3 at I/O 0.2e8 (irq = 7, base_baud = 115200) is a 16550A
    ...
  3. If the I/O port in the dmest output matches the Ioports in the file, that’s good. 
    #MyAdvUno148.json	
58	{
59	"ztype": 3,
60	"phylabel": "COM1",
61	"assigngrp": "COM1",
62	"phyaddrs": {
63	"Ioports": "3f8-3ff",
64	"Irq": "4",
65	"Serial": "/dev/ttyS0"
66	},
67	"logicallabel": "COM1",
68	"usagePolicy": {}
69	},
70	{
71	"ztype": 3,
72	"phylabel": "COM2",
73	"assigngrp": "COM2",
74	"phyaddrs": {
75	"Ioports": "2f8-2ff",
76	"Irq": "3",
77	"Serial": "/dev/ttyS1"
78	},
79	"logicallabel": "COM2",
80	"usagePolicy": {}
81	},
82	{
83	"ztype": 3,
84	"phylabel": "COM3",
85	"assigngrp": "COM3",
86	"phyaddrs": {
87	"Ioports": "3e8-3ef",
88	"Irq": "5",
89	"Serial": "/dev/ttyS2"
90	},
91	"logicallabel": "COM3",
92	"usagePolicy": {}
93	},
94	{
95	"ztype": 3,
96	"phylabel": "COM4",
97	"assigngrp": "COM4",
98	"phyaddrs": {
99	"Ioports": "2e8-2ef",
100	"Irq": "7",
101	"Serial": "/dev/ttyS3"
102	},
103	"logicallabel": "COM4",
104	"usagePolicy": {}
105	},
  4. If the Ioports is empty or incorrect in your MyAdvUno148.json file, update it to match what you see in the dmest output.

Validate ETH interfaces

  1. Run the command:
    lspci -k
  2. Verify the output of the lspci command against your MyAdvUno148.json file.
    ...
    #lspci
    00:1f.6 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Ethernet Connection (13) I219-LM (rev 20) 
    DeviceName: Onboard - Ethernet  
    Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 0000
    Kernel driver in use: e1000e 
    …
  3. If it matches PciLong in line 117, that’s good. Notice the missing assigngrp in the following example.
    #MyAdvUno148.json	
107	{
108	"ztype": 1,
109	"usage": 1,
110	"phylabel": "eth0",
111	"logicallabel": "eth0",
112	"usagePolicy": {},
113	"cost": 0,
114	"assigngrp": "",
115	"phyaddrs": {
116	"Ifname": "eth0",
117	"PciLong": "0000:00:1f.6"
118	}
119	},
  4. Run the find iommu_group command to verify the group associated with the PCI address:
    find /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/ -type l
  5. Verify the find iommu output against your MyAdvUno148.json file.
    …
    #find
    /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/9/devices/0000:00:1f.g
    …
  6. If the group is empty or incorrect in your MyAdvUno148.json file, update it to match what you see in the iommu group output.
    #MyAdvUno148.json	
107	{
108	"ztype": 1,
109	"usage": 1,
110	"phylabel": "eth0",
111	"logicallabel": "eth0",
112	"usagePolicy": {},
113	"cost": 0,
114	"assigngrp": "group9",
115	"phyaddrs": {
116	"Ifname": "eth0",
117	"PciLong": "0000:00:1f.6"
118	}
119	},
  7. Do the same for your other ethernet interfaces, and save your MyAdvUno148.json file.
  8. Validate your file with a JSON linter or similar.

Appendix 

The following examples contain the complete output of the commands run on the Advantech UNO 148 during this process. The excerpts are referenced in the preceding steps.

Example lspci
lspci -k
        00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Device 4526 (rev 01)
	DeviceName: Onboard - Other
	Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IOMMU group 1
	Capabilities: [e0] Vendor Specific Information: Len=10 <?>

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Device 4555 (rev 01) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
	DeviceName: Onboard - Video
	Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 255, IOMMU group 0
	Memory at 6000000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
	Memory at 4000000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
	I/O ports at 5000 [size=64]
	Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [virtual] [disabled] [size=128K]
	Capabilities: [40] Vendor Specific Information: Len=0c <?>
	Capabilities: [70] Express Root Complex Integrated Endpoint, MSI 00
	Capabilities: [ac] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable+ 64bit-
	Capabilities: [d0] Power Management version 2
	Capabilities: [100] Process Address Space ID (PASID)
	Capabilities: [200] Address Translation Service (ATS)
	Capabilities: [300] Page Request Interface (PRI)
	Kernel driver in use: vfio-pci

00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Device 4b7d (rev 11) (prog-if 30 [XHCI])
	DeviceName: Onboard - Other
	Flags: medium devsel, IRQ 16, IOMMU group 2
	Memory at 6001100000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
	Capabilities: [70] Power Management version 2
	Capabilities: [80] MSI: Enable- Count=1/8 Maskable- 64bit+
	Capabilities: [90] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
	Capabilities: [b0] Vendor Specific Information: Len=00 <?>
	Kernel driver in use: vfio-pci

00:14.2 RAM memory: Intel Corporation Device 4b7f (rev 11)
	DeviceName: Onboard - Other
	Flags: fast devsel, IOMMU group 2
	Memory at 6001114000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled] [size=16K]
	Memory at 600111b000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled] [size=4K]
	Capabilities: [80] Power Management version 3

00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Device 4b70 (rev 11)
	DeviceName: Onboard - Other
	Flags: fast devsel, IRQ 255, IOMMU group 3
	Memory at 600111a000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled] [size=4K]
	Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3
	Capabilities: [8c] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
	Capabilities: [a4] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>

00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Device 4b63 (rev 11) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0])
	DeviceName: Onboard - SATA
	Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 124, IOMMU group 4
	Memory at 7fe00000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
	Memory at 7fe03000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
	I/O ports at 5090 [size=8]
	I/O ports at 5080 [size=4]
	I/O ports at 5060 [size=32]
	Memory at 7fe02000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=2K]
	Capabilities: [80] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
	Capabilities: [70] Power Management version 3
	Capabilities: [a8] SATA HBA v1.0
	Kernel driver in use: ahci

00:1a.0 SD Host controller: Intel Corporation Device 4b47 (rev 11) (prog-if 01)
	DeviceName: Onboard - Other
	Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16, IOMMU group 5
	Memory at 6001119000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
	Capabilities: [80] Power Management version 3
	Capabilities: [90] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
	Kernel driver in use: sdhci-pci

00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 4b38 (rev 11) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
	Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 122, IOMMU group 6
	Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=01, sec-latency=0
	I/O behind bridge: 4000-4fff [size=4K] [16-bit]
	Memory behind bridge: 7fd00000-7fdfffff [size=1M] [32-bit]
	Prefetchable memory behind bridge: [disabled] [64-bit]
	Capabilities: [40] Express Root Port (Slot+), MSI 00
	Capabilities: [80] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
	Capabilities: [90] Subsystem: Device 0000:0000
	Capabilities: [a0] Power Management version 3
	Capabilities: [100] Null
	Capabilities: [220] Access Control Services
	Capabilities: [a30] Secondary PCI Express
	Capabilities: [a00] Downstream Port Containment
	Kernel driver in use: pcieport

00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 4b39 (rev 11) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
	Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 123, IOMMU group 7
	Bus: primary=00, secondary=02, subordinate=02, sec-latency=0
	I/O behind bridge: 3000-3fff [size=4K] [16-bit]
	Memory behind bridge: 7fc00000-7fcfffff [size=1M] [32-bit]
	Prefetchable memory behind bridge: [disabled] [64-bit]
	Capabilities: [40] Express Root Port (Slot+), MSI 00
	Capabilities: [80] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
	Capabilities: [90] Subsystem: Device 0000:0000
	Capabilities: [a0] Power Management version 3
	Capabilities: [100] Null
	Capabilities: [220] Access Control Services
	Capabilities: [a30] Secondary PCI Express
	Capabilities: [a00] Downstream Port Containment
	Kernel driver in use: pcieport

00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Device 4b00 (rev 11)
	DeviceName: Onboard - Other
	Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IOMMU group 8

00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Device 4b58 (rev 11)
	DeviceName: Onboard - Sound
	Subsystem: Advantech Co. Ltd Device 1036
	Flags: fast devsel, IRQ 255, IOMMU group 8
	Memory at 6001110000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled] [size=16K]
	Memory at 6001000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled] [size=1M]
	Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3
	Capabilities: [80] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
	Capabilities: [60] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
	Kernel driver in use: vfio-pci

00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Device 4b23 (rev 11)
	DeviceName: Onboard - Other
	Flags: medium devsel, IRQ 16, IOMMU group 8
	Memory at 6001118000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
	I/O ports at efa0 [size=32]
	Kernel driver in use: i801_smbus

00:1f.5 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Device 4b24 (rev 11)
	DeviceName: Onboard - Other
	Flags: fast devsel, IOMMU group 8
	Memory at 7fe04000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]

01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)
	DeviceName: Onboard - Ethernet
	Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 0000
	Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16, IOMMU group 9
	Memory at 7fd00000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=128K]
	I/O ports at 4000 [disabled] [size=32]
	Memory at 7fd20000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
	Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3
	Capabilities: [50] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable+ 64bit+
	Capabilities: [70] MSI-X: Enable+ Count=5 Masked-
	Capabilities: [a0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
	Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
	Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number cc-82-7f-ff-ff-4b-63-43
	Capabilities: [1a0] Transaction Processing Hints
	Kernel driver in use: igb

02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)
	DeviceName: Onboard - Ethernet
	Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 0000
	Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17, IOMMU group 10
	Memory at 7fc00000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=128K]
	I/O ports at 3000 [disabled] [size=32]
	Memory at 7fc20000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
	Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3
	Capabilities: [50] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable+ 64bit+
	Capabilities: [70] MSI-X: Enable+ Count=5 Masked-
	Capabilities: [a0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
	Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
	Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number cc-82-7f-ff-ff-4b-63-44
	Capabilities: [1a0] Transaction Processing Hints
	Kernel driver in use: igb
Example iommu
find /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/ -type l
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/7/devices/0000:00:1c.1
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/5/devices/0000:00:1a.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/3/devices/0000:00:16.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/1/devices/0000:00:00.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/8/devices/0000:00:1f.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/8/devices/0000:00:1f.5
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/8/devices/0000:00:1f.3
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/8/devices/0000:00:1f.4
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/6/devices/0000:00:1c.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/4/devices/0000:00:17.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/2/devices/0000:00:14.2
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/2/devices/0000:00:14.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/10/devices/0000:02:00.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/0/devices/0000:00:02.0
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/9/devices/0000:01:00.0
Example dmesg
dmesg (a few minutes after the device is rebooted)
[    0.000000] microcode: microcode updated early to revision 0x17, date = 2022-07-15
[    0.000000] Linux version 6.1.38-linuxkit-3e39cb4a2fc4 (eve@eve) (gcc (Alpine 11.2.1_git20220219) 11.2.1 20220219, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.38) #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Wed Dec 13 12:12:58 2023 
[    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/kernel console=tty0 root=PARTUUID=ad6871ee-31f9-4cf3-9e09-6f7a25c30052 dom0_mem=800M,max:800M dom0_max_vcpus=1 dom0_vcpus_pin eve_mem=650M,max:650M eve_max_vcpus=1 ctrd_mem=400M,max:400M ctrd_max_vcpus=1 change=500 pcie_acs_override=downstream,multifunction crashkernel=2G-64G:128M,64G-1T:256M,1T-:512M rootdelay=3 panic=120 rfkill.default_state=0 split_lock_detect=off
[    0.000000] x86/split lock detection: disabled
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x001: 'x87 floating point registers'
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x002: 'SSE registers'
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: Enabled xstate features 0x3, context size is 576 bytes, using 'compacted' format.
[    0.000000] signal: max sigframe size: 1520
[    0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009efff] usable
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009f000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000007628cfff] usable
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007628d000-0x00000000784f6fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000784f7000-0x000000007855ffff] ACPI data
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000078560000-0x00000000785e7fff] ACPI NVS
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000785e8000-0x0000000078c4efff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000078c4f000-0x0000000078c4ffff] usable
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000078c50000-0x000000007fbfffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000c0000000-0x00000000cfffffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fe000000-0x00000000fe010fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fec00000-0x00000000fec00fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fed00000-0x00000000fed00fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fed20000-0x00000000fed7ffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fee00000-0x00000000fee00fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000ff000000-0x00000000ffffffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x00000002803fffff] usable
[    0.000000] Warning: PCIe ACS overrides enabled; This may allow non-IOMMU protected peer-to-peer DMA
[    0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active
[    0.000000] efi: EFI v2.70 by American Megatrends
[    0.000000] efi: ACPI=0x78581000 ACPI 2.0=0x78581014 TPMFinalLog=0x78595000 SMBIOS=0x78a35000 SMBIOS 3.0=0x78a34000 MEMATTR=0x7290b698 ESRT=0x72917a98 RNG=0x78513018 TPMEventLog=0x72461018 
[    0.000000] SMBIOS 3.3.0 present.
[    0.000000] DMI: Advantech UNO-2271G_V2/UNO-2271G_V2, BIOS V1.16 08/01/2023
[    0.000000] tsc: Detected 1200.000 MHz processor
[    0.000000] tsc: Detected 1190.400 MHz TSC
[    0.000179] e820: update [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff] usable == reserved
[    0.000188] e820: remove [mem 0x000a0000-0x000fffff] usable
[    0.000207] last_pfn = 0x280400 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000
[    0.000303] x86/PAT: Configuration [0-7]: WB  WC  UC- UC  WB  WP  UC- WT  
[    0.000678] last_pfn = 0x78c50 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000
[    0.017624] esrt: Reserving ESRT space from 0x0000000072917a98 to 0x0000000072917c88.
[    0.017636] e820: update [mem 0x72917000-0x72917fff] usable == reserved
[    0.018800] Secure boot disabled
[    0.018803] RAMDISK: [mem 0x3110d000-0x3181ffff]
[    0.018816] ACPI: Early table checksum verification disabled
[    0.018822] ACPI: RSDP 0x0000000078581014 000024 (v02 ALASKA)
[    0.018832] ACPI: XSDT 0x0000000078580728 0000DC (v01 ALASKA A M I    01072009 AMI  01000013)
[    0.018845] ACPI: FACP 0x0000000078559000 000114 (v06 ALASKA A M I    01072009 AMI  00010013)
[    0.018858] ACPI: DSDT 0x0000000078529000 02F22E (v02 ALASKA A M I    01072009 INTL 20191213)
[    0.018867] ACPI: FACS 0x00000000785E6000 000040
[    0.018883] ACPI: MCFG 0x000000007855D000 00003C (v01 ALASKA A M I    01072009 MSFT 00000097)
[    0.018891] ACPI: SSDT 0x000000007855A000 002543 (v02 CpuRef CpuSsdt  00003000 INTL 20191213)
[    0.018899] ACPI: FIDT 0x0000000078528000 00009C (v01 ALASKA A M I    01072009 AMI  00010013)
[    0.018907] ACPI: OEM1 0x000000007855F000 000040 (v01 ALASKA ENRGYMGT 01072009 AMI  01000013)
[    0.018915] ACPI: HPET 0x000000007855E000 000038 (v01 ALASKA A M I    01072009 AMI  01000013)
[    0.018923] ACPI: APIC 0x0000000078527000 00012C (v03 ALASKA A M I    01072009 AMI  01000013)
[    0.018931] ACPI: PRAM 0x0000000078526000 000030 (v01 ALASKA A M I    01072009 AMI  01000013)
[    0.018938] ACPI: RSCI 0x0000000078525000 000030 (v02 ALASKA BOOTSRC  01072009 AMI  01000013)
[    0.018946] ACPI: SSDT 0x0000000078524000 000EF2 (v02 ALASKA Ther_Rvp 00001000 INTL 20191213)
[    0.018954] ACPI: SSDT 0x0000000078523000 00093A (v02 INTEL  xh_edrv2 00000000 INTL 20191213)
[    0.018962] ACPI: NHLT 0x0000000078522000 0002DF (v00 ALASKA A M I    01072009 AMI  01000013)
[    0.018970] ACPI: SSDT 0x0000000078521000 00006B (v02 SaSsdt SaSsdt   00003000 INTL 20191213)
[    0.018978] ACPI: SSDT 0x000000007851D000 0031F2 (v02 INTEL  IgfxSsdt 00003000 INTL 20191213)
[    0.018986] ACPI: PSDS 0x000000007851C000 000052 (v01 INTEL  EDK2     00000005 INTL 0100000D)
[    0.018993] ACPI: LPIT 0x000000007851B000 000094 (v01 ALASKA A M I    01072009 AMI  01000013)
[    0.019001] ACPI: WDAT 0x0000000078519000 000164 (v01 ALASKA A M I    01072009 AMI  01000013)
[    0.019009] ACPI: SSDT 0x0000000078518000 000B75 (v02 ALASKA PtidDevc 00001000 INTL 20191213)
[    0.019016] ACPI: DMAR 0x0000000078517000 0000F4 (v01 INTEL  EDK2     00000002      01000013)
[    0.019024] ACPI: SSDT 0x0000000078516000 000144 (v02 Intel  ADebTabl 00001000 INTL 20191213)
[    0.019032] ACPI: TPM2 0x0000000078515000 00004C (v04 ALASKA A M I    00000001 AMI  00000000)
[    0.019039] ACPI: WSMT 0x000000007851A000 000028 (v01 ALASKA A M I    01072009 AMI  00010013)
[    0.019047] ACPI: FPDT 0x0000000078514000 000044 (v01 ALASKA EHL-ULT  01072009 AMI  01000013)
[    0.019054] ACPI: Reserving FACP table memory at [mem 0x78559000-0x78559113]
[    0.019058] ACPI: Reserving DSDT table memory at [mem 0x78529000-0x7855822d]
[    0.019061] ACPI: Reserving FACS table memory at [mem 0x785e6000-0x785e603f]
[    0.019064] ACPI: Reserving MCFG table memory at [mem 0x7855d000-0x7855d03b]
[    0.019067] ACPI: Reserving SSDT table memory at [mem 0x7855a000-0x7855c542]
[    0.019070] ACPI: Reserving FIDT table memory at [mem 0x78528000-0x7852809b]
[    0.019073] ACPI: Reserving OEM1 table memory at [mem 0x7855f000-0x7855f03f]
[    0.019076] ACPI: Reserving HPET table memory at [mem 0x7855e000-0x7855e037]
[    0.019079] ACPI: Reserving APIC table memory at [mem 0x78527000-0x7852712b]
[    0.019081] ACPI: Reserving PRAM table memory at [mem 0x78526000-0x7852602f]
[    0.019084] ACPI: Reserving RSCI table memory at [mem 0x78525000-0x7852502f]
[    0.019087] ACPI: Reserving SSDT table memory at [mem 0x78524000-0x78524ef1]
[    0.019090] ACPI: Reserving SSDT table memory at [mem 0x78523000-0x78523939]
[    0.019093] ACPI: Reserving NHLT table memory at [mem 0x78522000-0x785222de]
[    0.019096] ACPI: Reserving SSDT table memory at [mem 0x78521000-0x7852106a]
[    0.019099] ACPI: Reserving SSDT table memory at [mem 0x7851d000-0x785201f1]
[    0.019101] ACPI: Reserving PSDS table memory at [mem 0x7851c000-0x7851c051]
[    0.019104] ACPI: Reserving LPIT table memory at [mem 0x7851b000-0x7851b093]
[    0.019107] ACPI: Reserving WDAT table memory at [mem 0x78519000-0x78519163]
[    0.019110] ACPI: Reserving SSDT table memory at [mem 0x78518000-0x78518b74]
[    0.019113] ACPI: Reserving DMAR table memory at [mem 0x78517000-0x785170f3]
[    0.019116] ACPI: Reserving SSDT table memory at [mem 0x78516000-0x78516143]
[    0.019119] ACPI: Reserving TPM2 table memory at [mem 0x78515000-0x7851504b]
[    0.019122] ACPI: Reserving WSMT table memory at [mem 0x7851a000-0x7851a027]
[    0.019125] ACPI: Reserving FPDT table memory at [mem 0x78514000-0x78514043]
[    0.019168] Reserving 128MB of memory at 1648MB for crashkernel (System RAM: 8038MB)
[    0.019216] Zone ranges:
[    0.019217]   DMA      [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x0000000000ffffff]
[    0.019223]   DMA32    [mem 0x0000000001000000-0x00000000ffffffff]
[    0.019228]   Normal   [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x00000002803fffff]
[    0.019232] Movable zone start for each node
[    0.019234] Early memory node ranges
[    0.019236]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x000000000009efff]
[    0.019240]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000007628cfff]
[    0.019243]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000078c4f000-0x0000000078c4ffff]
[    0.019246]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x00000002803fffff]
[    0.019251] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x00000002803fffff]
[    0.019261] On node 0, zone DMA: 1 pages in unavailable ranges
[    0.019318] On node 0, zone DMA: 97 pages in unavailable ranges
[    0.026398] On node 0, zone DMA32: 10690 pages in unavailable ranges
[    0.049247] On node 0, zone Normal: 29616 pages in unavailable ranges
[    0.049838] On node 0, zone Normal: 31744 pages in unavailable ranges
[    0.049879] Reserving Intel graphics memory at [mem 0x7c000000-0x7fbfffff]
[    0.050173] ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x1808
[    0.050190] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x01] high edge lint[0x1])
[    0.050194] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x02] high edge lint[0x1])
[    0.050197] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x03] high edge lint[0x1])
[    0.050200] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x04] high edge lint[0x1])
[    0.050202] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x05] high edge lint[0x1])
[    0.050204] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x06] high edge lint[0x1])
[    0.050207] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x07] high edge lint[0x1])
[    0.050209] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x08] high edge lint[0x1])
[    0.050212] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x09] high edge lint[0x1])
[    0.050214] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x0a] high edge lint[0x1])
[    0.050216] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x0b] high edge lint[0x1])
[    0.050219] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x0c] high edge lint[0x1])
[    0.050221] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x0d] high edge lint[0x1])
[    0.050223] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x0e] high edge lint[0x1])
[    0.050226] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x0f] high edge lint[0x1])
[    0.050228] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x10] high edge lint[0x1])
[    0.050274] IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 2, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-119
[    0.050281] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 0 global_irq 2 dfl dfl)
[    0.050286] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 9 global_irq 9 high level)
[    0.050298] ACPI: Using ACPI (MADT) for SMP configuration information
[    0.050301] ACPI: HPET id: 0x8086a201 base: 0xfed00000
[    0.050312] TSC deadline timer available
[    0.050314] smpboot: Allowing 4 CPUs, 0 hotplug CPUs
[    0.050353] [mem 0x7fc00000-0xbfffffff] available for PCI devices
[    0.050359] Booting paravirtualized kernel on bare hardware
[    0.050363] clocksource: refined-jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
[    0.076680] setup_percpu: NR_CPUS:128 nr_cpumask_bits:4 nr_cpu_ids:4 nr_node_ids:1
[    0.077273] percpu: Embedded 55 pages/cpu s185128 r8192 d31960 u524288
[    0.077289] pcpu-alloc: s185128 r8192 d31960 u524288 alloc=1*2097152
[    0.077297] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 1 2 3 
[    0.077354] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 2025459
[    0.077360] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/kernel console=tty0 root=PARTUUID=ad6871ee-31f9-4cf3-9e09-6f7a25c30052 dom0_mem=800M,max:800M dom0_max_vcpus=1 dom0_vcpus_pin eve_mem=650M,max:650M eve_max_vcpus=1 ctrd_mem=400M,max:400M ctrd_max_vcpus=1 change=500 pcie_acs_override=downstream,multifunction crashkernel=2G-64G:128M,64G-1T:256M,1T-:512M rootdelay=3 panic=120 rfkill.default_state=0 split_lock_detect=off
[    0.078090] Unknown kernel command line parameters "dom0_vcpus_pin BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/kernel dom0_mem=800M,max:800M dom0_max_vcpus=1 eve_mem=650M,max:650M eve_max_vcpus=1 ctrd_mem=400M,max:400M ctrd_max_vcpus=1 change=500 split_lock_detect=off", will be passed to user space.
[    0.079863] Dentry cache hash table entries: 1048576 (order: 11, 8388608 bytes, linear)
[    0.080720] Inode-cache hash table entries: 524288 (order: 10, 4194304 bytes, linear)
[    0.080814] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[    0.080831] software IO TLB: area num 4.
[    0.157491] Memory: 7737708K/8231088K available (16399K kernel code, 2697K rwdata, 4600K rodata, 2144K init, 1188K bss, 493120K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
[    0.157699] ftrace: allocating 59928 entries in 235 pages
[    0.181292] ftrace: allocated 235 pages with 6 groups
[    0.183127] Dynamic Preempt: voluntary
[    0.183237] rcu: Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.
[    0.183240] rcu: 	RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=128 to nr_cpu_ids=4.
[    0.183243] 	Trampoline variant of Tasks RCU enabled.
[    0.183245] 	Rude variant of Tasks RCU enabled.
[    0.183247] 	Tracing variant of Tasks RCU enabled.
[    0.183249] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 10 jiffies.
[    0.183251] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=4
[    0.199298] NR_IRQS: 8448, nr_irqs: 1024, preallocated irqs: 16
[    0.199698] rcu: srcu_init: Setting srcu_struct sizes based on contention.
[    0.201117] Console: colour dummy device 80x25
[    0.202075] printk: console [tty0] enabled
[    0.202101] ACPI: Core revision 20220331
[    0.202892] clocksource: hpet: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 99544814920 ns
[    0.203059] APIC: Switch to symmetric I/O mode setup
[    0.203070] DMAR: Host address width 39
[    0.203077] DMAR: DRHD base: 0x000000fed90000 flags: 0x0
[    0.203098] DMAR: dmar0: reg_base_addr fed90000 ver 4:0 cap 1c0000c40660462 ecap 49e2ff0505e
[    0.203111] DMAR: DRHD base: 0x000000fed91000 flags: 0x1
[    0.203140] DMAR: dmar1: reg_base_addr fed91000 ver 1:0 cap d2008c40660462 ecap f050da
[    0.203153] DMAR: RMRR base: 0x0000007b800000 end: 0x0000007fbfffff
[    0.203164] DMAR: ANDD device: 3 name: \_SB.PC00.DMA0
[    0.203171] DMAR: ANDD device: 4 name: \_SB.PC00.DMA1
[    0.203178] DMAR: ANDD device: 5 name: \_SB.PC00.DMA2
[    0.203187] DMAR-IR: IOAPIC id 2 under DRHD base  0xfed91000 IOMMU 1
[    0.203196] DMAR-IR: HPET id 0 under DRHD base 0xfed91000
[    0.203204] DMAR-IR: x2apic is disabled because BIOS sets x2apic opt out bit.
[    0.203206] DMAR-IR: Use 'intremap=no_x2apic_optout' to override the BIOS setting.
[    0.205763] DMAR-IR: Enabled IRQ remapping in xapic mode
[    0.205776] x2apic: IRQ remapping doesn't support X2APIC mode
[    0.211416] ..TIMER: vector=0x30 apic1=0 pin1=2 apic2=-1 pin2=-1
[    0.252984] clocksource: tsc-early: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1128af0325d, max_idle_ns: 440795261011 ns
[    0.253010] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 2380.80 BogoMIPS (lpj=11904000)
[    0.253026] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[    0.263220] LSM: Security Framework initializing
[    0.263272] Yama: becoming mindful.
[    0.263388] AppArmor: AppArmor initialized
[    0.263558] Mount-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
[    0.263598] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
[    0.264427] CPU0: Thermal monitoring enabled (TM1)
[    0.264438] x86/cpu: User Mode Instruction Prevention (UMIP) activated
[    0.264460] process: using mwait in idle threads
[    0.264468] Last level iTLB entries: 4KB 0, 2MB 0, 4MB 0
[    0.264476] Last level dTLB entries: 4KB 0, 2MB 0, 4MB 0, 1GB 0
[    0.264491] Spectre V1 : Mitigation: usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
[    0.264506] Spectre V2 : WARNING: Unprivileged eBPF is enabled with eIBRS on, data leaks possible via Spectre v2 BHB attacks!
[    0.264520] Spectre V2 : Mitigation: Enhanced IBRS
[    0.264527] Spectre V2 : Spectre v2 / SpectreRSB mitigation: Filling RSB on context switch
[    0.264541] Spectre V2 : mitigation: Enabling conditional Indirect Branch Prediction Barrier
[    0.264557] Speculative Store Bypass: Mitigation: Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
[    0.264575] MMIO Stale Data: Mitigation: Clear CPU buffers
[    0.264583] SRBDS: Vulnerable: No microcode
[    0.314440] Freeing SMP alternatives memory: 28K
[    0.314973] smpboot: CPU0: Intel(R) Pentium(R) N6415 @ 1.20GHz (family: 0x6, model: 0x96, stepping: 0x1)
[    0.315447] cblist_init_generic: Setting adjustable number of callback queues.
[    0.315460] cblist_init_generic: Setting shift to 2 and lim to 1.
[    0.315533] cblist_init_generic: Setting shift to 2 and lim to 1.
[    0.315594] cblist_init_generic: Setting shift to 2 and lim to 1.
[    0.315654] Performance Events: PEBS fmt4+-baseline, PEBS-via-PT,  AnyThread deprecated, Tremont events, 32-deep LBR, full-width counters, Intel PMU driver.
[    0.315742] ... version:                5
[    0.315748] ... bit width:              48
[    0.315753] ... generic registers:      4
[    0.315759] ... value mask:             0000ffffffffffff
[    0.315765] ... max period:             00007fffffffffff
[    0.315771] ... fixed-purpose events:   3
[    0.315777] ... event mask:             000000070000000f
[    0.316011] Estimated ratio of average max frequency by base frequency (times 1024): 2304
[    0.316108] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[    0.316116] rcu: 	Max phase no-delay instances is 1000.
[    0.318157] NMI watchdog: Enabled. Permanently consumes one hw-PMU counter.
[    0.318395] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[    0.318794] x86: Booting SMP configuration:
[    0.318802] .... node  #0, CPUs:      #1 #2 #3
[    0.327864] smp: Brought up 1 node, 4 CPUs
[    0.327864] smpboot: Max logical packages: 1
[    0.327864] smpboot: Total of 4 processors activated (9523.20 BogoMIPS)
[    0.327864] devtmpfs: initialized
[    0.333041] x86/mm: Memory block size: 128MB
[    0.336290] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
[    0.336310] futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
[    0.336447] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[    0.338254] NET: Registered PF_NETLINK/PF_ROUTE protocol family
[    0.338912] audit: initializing netlink subsys (disabled)
[    0.338951] audit: type=2000 audit(1713888744.140:1): state=initialized audit_enabled=0 res=1
[    0.338951] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'step_wise'
[    0.338951] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'user_space'
[    0.338951] cpuidle: using governor ladder
[    0.338951] cpuidle: using governor menu
[    0.338951] ACPI FADT declares the system doesn't support PCIe ASPM, so disable it
[    0.338951] PCI: MMCONFIG for domain 0000 [bus 00-ff] at [mem 0xc0000000-0xcfffffff] (base 0xc0000000)
[    0.338951] PCI: MMCONFIG at [mem 0xc0000000-0xcfffffff] reserved in E820
[    0.338951] PCI: Using configuration type 1 for base access
[    0.338951] ENERGY_PERF_BIAS: Set to 'normal', was 'performance'
[    0.349475] kprobes: kprobe jump-optimization is enabled. All kprobes are optimized if possible.
[    0.349497] HugeTLB: registered 2.00 MiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
[    0.349497] HugeTLB: 28 KiB vmemmap can be freed for a 2.00 MiB page
[    0.349497] cryptd: max_cpu_qlen set to 1000
[    0.349497] ACPI: Added _OSI(Module Device)
[    0.349497] ACPI: Added _OSI(Processor Device)
[    0.349497] ACPI: Added _OSI(3.0 _SCP Extensions)
[    0.349497] ACPI: Added _OSI(Processor Aggregator Device)
[    0.468812] ACPI: 8 ACPI AML tables successfully acquired and loaded
[    0.485932] ACPI: Dynamic OEM Table Load:
[    0.485977] ACPI: SSDT 0xFFFF995BC1290000 000101 (v02 PmRef  Cpu0Psd  00003000 INTL 20191213)
[    0.487958] ACPI: \_SB_.PR00: _OSC native thermal LVT Acked
[    0.491429] ACPI: Dynamic OEM Table Load:
[    0.491450] ACPI: SSDT 0xFFFF995BC12A1C00 000269 (v02 PmRef  Cpu0Ist  00003000 INTL 20191213)
[    0.494482] ACPI: Dynamic OEM Table Load:
[    0.494506] ACPI: SSDT 0xFFFF995BC12AF000 0008E7 (v02 PmRef  ApIst    00003000 INTL 20191213)
[    0.497207] ACPI: Dynamic OEM Table Load:
[    0.497227] ACPI: SSDT 0xFFFF995BC140C800 00048A (v02 PmRef  ApHwp    00003000 INTL 20191213)
[    0.499699] ACPI: Dynamic OEM Table Load:
[    0.499733] ACPI: SSDT 0xFFFF995BC140C000 0004D2 (v02 PmRef  ApPsd    00003000 INTL 20191213)
[    0.508775] ACPI: Interpreter enabled
[    0.508808] ACPI: PM: (supports S0 S5)
[    0.508815] ACPI: Using IOAPIC for interrupt routing
[    0.508934] PCI: Using host bridge windows from ACPI; if necessary, use "pci=nocrs" and report a bug
[    0.508945] PCI: Ignoring E820 reservations for host bridge windows
[    0.511685] ACPI: Enabled 15 GPEs in block 00 to 7F
[    0.554054] ACPI Warning: \_SB.PC00.OUA0._DSD: Return Package is too small - found 1 elements, expected 2 (20220331/nsprepkg-362)
[    0.554229] ACPI Warning: \_SB.PC00.OUA1._DSD: Return Package is too small - found 1 elements, expected 2 (20220331/nsprepkg-362)
[    0.554408] ACPI Warning: \_SB.PC00.OUA2._DSD: Return Package is too small - found 1 elements, expected 2 (20220331/nsprepkg-362)
[    0.554562] ACPI Warning: \_SB.PC00.OUA3._DSD: Return Package is too small - found 1 elements, expected 2 (20220331/nsprepkg-362)
[    0.556565] ACPI: PM: Power Resource [WRST]
[    0.574630] ACPI: PM: Power Resource [FN00]
[    0.574792] ACPI: PM: Power Resource [FN01]
[    0.574914] ACPI: PM: Power Resource [FN02]
[    0.575059] ACPI: PM: Power Resource [FN03]
[    0.575177] ACPI: PM: Power Resource [FN04]
[    0.576875] ACPI: PM: Power Resource [PIN]
[    0.577667] ACPI: PCI Root Bridge [PC00] (domain 0000 [bus 00-fe])
[    0.577689] acpi PNP0A08:00: _OSC: OS supports [ExtendedConfig ASPM ClockPM Segments MSI HPX-Type3]
[    0.577930] acpi PNP0A08:00: _OSC: platform does not support [PCIeHotplug SHPCHotplug PME]
[    0.578362] acpi PNP0A08:00: _OSC: OS now controls [PCIeCapability LTR]
[    0.578372] acpi PNP0A08:00: FADT indicates ASPM is unsupported, using BIOS configuration
[    0.580145] PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
[    0.580155] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io  0x0000-0x0cf7 window]
[    0.580166] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io  0x0d00-0xffff window]
[    0.580175] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x000a0000-0x000bffff window]
[    0.580186] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x000e0000-0x000fffff window]
[    0.580195] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x7fc00000-0xbfffffff window]
[    0.580204] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x4000000000-0x7fffffffff window]
[    0.580215] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [bus 00-fe]
[    0.580514] pci 0000:00:00.0: [8086:4526] type 00 class 0x060000
[    0.580750] pci 0000:00:02.0: [8086:4555] type 00 class 0x030000
[    0.580777] pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x6000000000-0x6000ffffff 64bit]
[    0.580798] pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 0x18: [mem 0x4000000000-0x400fffffff 64bit pref]
[    0.580814] pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 0x20: [io  0x5000-0x503f]
[    0.580856] pci 0000:00:02.0: DMAR: Skip IOMMU disabling for graphics
[    0.580869] pci 0000:00:02.0: Video device with shadowed ROM at [mem 0x000c0000-0x000dffff]
[    0.581394] pci 0000:00:14.0: [8086:4b7d] type 00 class 0x0c0330
[    0.581438] pci 0000:00:14.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x6001100000-0x600110ffff 64bit]
[    0.581581] pci 0000:00:14.0: PME# supported from D3hot D3cold
[    0.585080] pci 0000:00:14.2: [8086:4b7f] type 00 class 0x050000
[    0.585120] pci 0000:00:14.2: reg 0x10: [mem 0x6001114000-0x6001117fff 64bit]
[    0.585153] pci 0000:00:14.2: reg 0x18: [mem 0x600111b000-0x600111bfff 64bit]
[    0.585420] pci 0000:00:16.0: [8086:4b70] type 00 class 0x078000
[    0.585461] pci 0000:00:16.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x600111a000-0x600111afff 64bit]
[    0.585589] pci 0000:00:16.0: PME# supported from D3hot
[    0.586645] pci 0000:00:17.0: [8086:4b63] type 00 class 0x010601
[    0.586679] pci 0000:00:17.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x7fe00000-0x7fe01fff]
[    0.586703] pci 0000:00:17.0: reg 0x14: [mem 0x7fe03000-0x7fe030ff]
[    0.586722] pci 0000:00:17.0: reg 0x18: [io  0x5090-0x5097]
[    0.586741] pci 0000:00:17.0: reg 0x1c: [io  0x5080-0x5083]
[    0.586760] pci 0000:00:17.0: reg 0x20: [io  0x5060-0x507f]
[    0.586778] pci 0000:00:17.0: reg 0x24: [mem 0x7fe02000-0x7fe027ff]
[    0.586867] pci 0000:00:17.0: PME# supported from D3hot
[    0.587988] pci 0000:00:1a.0: [8086:4b47] type 00 class 0x080501
[    0.588033] pci 0000:00:1a.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x6001119000-0x6001119fff 64bit]
[    0.591916] pci 0000:00:1c.0: [8086:4b38] type 01 class 0x060400
[    0.592071] pci 0000:00:1c.0: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold
[    0.593426] pci 0000:00:1c.1: [8086:4b39] type 01 class 0x060400
[    0.593579] pci 0000:00:1c.1: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold
[    0.594941] pci 0000:00:1f.0: [8086:4b00] type 00 class 0x060100
[    0.595797] pci 0000:00:1f.3: [8086:4b58] type 00 class 0x040300
[    0.595887] pci 0000:00:1f.3: reg 0x10: [mem 0x6001110000-0x6001113fff 64bit]
[    0.595999] pci 0000:00:1f.3: reg 0x20: [mem 0x6001000000-0x60010fffff 64bit]
[    0.596221] pci 0000:00:1f.3: PME# supported from D3hot D3cold
[    0.603002] pci 0000:00:1f.4: [8086:4b23] type 00 class 0x0c0500
[    0.603063] pci 0000:00:1f.4: reg 0x10: [mem 0x6001118000-0x60011180ff 64bit]
[    0.603129] pci 0000:00:1f.4: reg 0x20: [io  0xefa0-0xefbf]
[    0.603711] pci 0000:00:1f.5: [8086:4b24] type 00 class 0x0c8000
[    0.603747] pci 0000:00:1f.5: reg 0x10: [mem 0xfe010000-0xfe010fff]
[    0.604069] pci 0000:01:00.0: [8086:157b] type 00 class 0x020000
[    0.604108] pci 0000:01:00.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x7fd00000-0x7fd1ffff]
[    0.604142] pci 0000:01:00.0: reg 0x18: [io  0x4000-0x401f]
[    0.604164] pci 0000:01:00.0: reg 0x1c: [mem 0x7fd20000-0x7fd23fff]
[    0.604352] pci 0000:01:00.0: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold
[    0.604641] pci 0000:00:1c.0: PCI bridge to [bus 01]
[    0.604655] pci 0000:00:1c.0:   bridge window [io  0x4000-0x4fff]
[    0.604665] pci 0000:00:1c.0:   bridge window [mem 0x7fd00000-0x7fdfffff]
[    0.604784] pci 0000:02:00.0: [8086:157b] type 00 class 0x020000
[    0.604821] pci 0000:02:00.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x7fc00000-0x7fc1ffff]
[    0.604854] pci 0000:02:00.0: reg 0x18: [io  0x3000-0x301f]
[    0.604875] pci 0000:02:00.0: reg 0x1c: [mem 0x7fc20000-0x7fc23fff]
[    0.605065] pci 0000:02:00.0: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold
[    0.605360] pci 0000:00:1c.1: PCI bridge to [bus 02]
[    0.605374] pci 0000:00:1c.1:   bridge window [io  0x3000-0x3fff]
[    0.605384] pci 0000:00:1c.1:   bridge window [mem 0x7fc00000-0x7fcfffff]
[    0.605417] pci_bus 0000:00: on NUMA node 0
[    0.612337] ACPI: PCI: Interrupt link LNKA configured for IRQ 0
[    0.612602] ACPI: PCI: Interrupt link LNKB configured for IRQ 1
[    0.612861] ACPI: PCI: Interrupt link LNKC configured for IRQ 0
[    0.613154] ACPI: PCI: Interrupt link LNKD configured for IRQ 0
[    0.613413] ACPI: PCI: Interrupt link LNKE configured for IRQ 0
[    0.613673] ACPI: PCI: Interrupt link LNKF configured for IRQ 0
[    0.613932] ACPI: PCI: Interrupt link LNKG configured for IRQ 0
[    0.614191] ACPI: PCI: Interrupt link LNKH configured for IRQ 0
[    0.638351] iommu: Default domain type: Translated 
[    0.638351] iommu: DMA domain TLB invalidation policy: lazy mode 
[    0.638351] SCSI subsystem initialized
[    0.638351] libata version 3.00 loaded.
[    0.638351] ACPI: bus type USB registered
[    0.638351] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[    0.638351] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[    0.638351] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[    0.638351] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
[    0.638351] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
[    0.638351] PTP clock support registered
[    0.638351] Registered efivars operations
[    0.638351] NetLabel: Initializing
[    0.638351] NetLabel:  domain hash size = 128
[    0.638351] NetLabel:  protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4 CALIPSO
[    0.638351] NetLabel:  unlabeled traffic allowed by default
[    0.638351] PCI: Using ACPI for IRQ routing
[    0.663558] PCI: pci_cache_line_size set to 64 bytes
[    0.663626] pci 0000:00:1f.5: can't claim BAR 0 [mem 0xfe010000-0xfe010fff]: no compatible bridge window
[    0.663706] e820: reserve RAM buffer [mem 0x0009f000-0x0009ffff]
[    0.663712] e820: reserve RAM buffer [mem 0x72917000-0x73ffffff]
[    0.663715] e820: reserve RAM buffer [mem 0x7628d000-0x77ffffff]
[    0.663719] e820: reserve RAM buffer [mem 0x78c50000-0x7bffffff]
[    0.663722] e820: reserve RAM buffer [mem 0x280400000-0x283ffffff]
[    0.663768] pci 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: setting as boot VGA device
[    0.663768] pci 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: bridge control possible
[    0.663768] pci 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: VGA device added: decodes=io+mem,owns=io+mem,locks=none
[    0.663768] vgaarb: loaded
[    0.667477] hpet0: at MMIO 0xfed00000, IRQs 2, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
[    0.667508] hpet0: 8 comparators, 64-bit 19.200000 MHz counter
[    0.669663] clocksource: Switched to clocksource tsc-early
[    0.670006] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.6.0
[    0.670072] VFS: Dquot-cache hash table entries: 512 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
[    0.670223] FS-Cache: Loaded
[    0.670362] CacheFiles: Loaded
[    0.670362] AppArmor: AppArmor Filesystem Enabled
[    0.670362] pnp: PnP ACPI init
[    0.670362] system 00:00: [io  0x0a00-0x0a0f] has been reserved
[    0.670362] system 00:00: [io  0x0290-0x029f] has been reserved
[    0.670362] system 00:00: [io  0x0a20-0x0a2f] has been reserved
[    0.670362] system 00:00: [io  0x0a30-0x0a3f] has been reserved
[    0.670362] system 00:00: [io  0x0a40-0x0a4f] has been reserved
[    0.670362] system 00:01: [io  0x0680-0x069f] has been reserved
[    0.670362] system 00:01: [io  0x164e-0x164f] has been reserved
[    0.670362] system 00:02: [io  0x1854-0x1857] has been reserved
[    0.670362] system 00:03: [mem 0xfec80000-0xfecfffff] has been reserved
[    0.670362] system 00:03: [mem 0xfeda0000-0xfeda0fff] has been reserved
[    0.670362] system 00:03: [mem 0xfeda1000-0xfeda1fff] has been reserved
[    0.670362] system 00:03: [mem 0xc0000000-0xcfffffff] has been reserved
[    0.670362] system 00:03: [mem 0xfed20000-0xfed7ffff] could not be reserved
[    0.670362] system 00:03: [mem 0xfed90000-0xfed93fff] could not be reserved
[    0.670362] system 00:03: [mem 0xfed45000-0xfed8ffff] could not be reserved
[    0.670362] system 00:03: [mem 0xfee00000-0xfeefffff] could not be reserved
[    0.671146] system 00:04: [io  0x1800-0x18fe] could not be reserved
[    0.671161] system 00:04: [mem 0xfd000000-0xfd68ffff] has been reserved
[    0.671172] system 00:04: [mem 0xfd6f0000-0xfdffffff] has been reserved
[    0.671182] system 00:04: [mem 0xfe000000-0xfe01ffff] could not be reserved
[    0.671193] system 00:04: [mem 0xfe200000-0xfe7fffff] has been reserved
[    0.671203] system 00:04: [mem 0xff000000-0xffffffff] has been reserved
[    0.671213] system 00:04: [mem 0xfd6b0000-0xfd6cffff] could not be reserved
[    0.671948] system 00:05: [io  0x2000-0x20fe] has been reserved
[    0.673865] pnp: PnP ACPI: found 7 devices
[    0.684337] clocksource: acpi_pm: mask: 0xffffff max_cycles: 0xffffff, max_idle_ns: 2085701024 ns
[    0.684534] NET: Registered PF_INET protocol family
[    0.684980] IP idents hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes, linear)
[    0.690111] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 4096 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
[    0.690159] Table-perturb hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
[    0.690198] TCP established hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes, linear)
[    0.690383] TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes, linear)
[    0.690858] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 65536 bind 65536)
[    0.690976] UDP hash table entries: 4096 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
[    0.691035] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 4096 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
[    0.691250] NET: Registered PF_UNIX/PF_LOCAL protocol family
[    0.691301] pci 0000:00:1f.5: BAR 0: assigned [mem 0x7fe04000-0x7fe04fff]
[    0.691333] pci 0000:00:1c.0: PCI bridge to [bus 01]
[    0.691344] pci 0000:00:1c.0:   bridge window [io  0x4000-0x4fff]
[    0.691357] pci 0000:00:1c.0:   bridge window [mem 0x7fd00000-0x7fdfffff]
[    0.691377] pci 0000:00:1c.1: PCI bridge to [bus 02]
[    0.691387] pci 0000:00:1c.1:   bridge window [io  0x3000-0x3fff]
[    0.691398] pci 0000:00:1c.1:   bridge window [mem 0x7fc00000-0x7fcfffff]
[    0.691418] pci_bus 0000:00: resource 4 [io  0x0000-0x0cf7 window]
[    0.691427] pci_bus 0000:00: resource 5 [io  0x0d00-0xffff window]
[    0.691436] pci_bus 0000:00: resource 6 [mem 0x000a0000-0x000bffff window]
[    0.691445] pci_bus 0000:00: resource 7 [mem 0x000e0000-0x000fffff window]
[    0.691454] pci_bus 0000:00: resource 8 [mem 0x7fc00000-0xbfffffff window]
[    0.691463] pci_bus 0000:00: resource 9 [mem 0x4000000000-0x7fffffffff window]
[    0.691473] pci_bus 0000:01: resource 0 [io  0x4000-0x4fff]
[    0.691481] pci_bus 0000:01: resource 1 [mem 0x7fd00000-0x7fdfffff]
[    0.691490] pci_bus 0000:02: resource 0 [io  0x3000-0x3fff]
[    0.691497] pci_bus 0000:02: resource 1 [mem 0x7fc00000-0x7fcfffff]
[    0.692647] PCI: CLS 64 bytes, default 64
[    0.692680] DMAR: ACPI device "80864BB4:00" under DMAR at fed91000 as 00:1d.3
[    0.692695] DMAR: ACPI device "80864BB5:00" under DMAR at fed91000 as 00:1d.4
[    0.692708] DMAR: ACPI device "80864BB6:00" under DMAR at fed91000 as 00:1d.5
[    0.692730] DMAR: No ATSR found
[    0.692735] DMAR: No SATC found
[    0.692741] DMAR: IOMMU feature fl1gp_support inconsistent
[    0.692743] DMAR: IOMMU feature pgsel_inv inconsistent
[    0.692749] DMAR: IOMMU feature nwfs inconsistent
[    0.692755] DMAR: IOMMU feature pds inconsistent
[    0.692761] DMAR: IOMMU feature eafs inconsistent
[    0.692766] DMAR: IOMMU feature prs inconsistent
[    0.692772] DMAR: IOMMU feature nest inconsistent
[    0.692777] DMAR: IOMMU feature mts inconsistent
[    0.692783] DMAR: IOMMU feature sc_support inconsistent
[    0.692782] Trying to unpack rootfs image as initramfs...
[    0.692798] DMAR: IOMMU feature dev_iotlb_support inconsistent
[    0.692801] DMAR: dmar0: Using Queued invalidation
[    0.692817] DMAR: dmar1: Using Queued invalidation
[    0.693054] pci 0000:00:02.0: Adding to iommu group 0
[    0.694457] pci 0000:00:00.0: Adding to iommu group 1
[    0.694507] pci 0000:00:14.0: Adding to iommu group 2
[    0.694533] pci 0000:00:14.2: Adding to iommu group 2
[    0.694583] pci 0000:00:16.0: Adding to iommu group 3
[    0.694611] pci 0000:00:17.0: Adding to iommu group 4
[    0.694644] pci 0000:00:1a.0: Adding to iommu group 5
[    0.694672] pci 0000:00:1c.0: Adding to iommu group 6
[    0.694725] pci 0000:00:1c.1: Adding to iommu group 7
[    0.694776] pci 0000:00:1f.0: Adding to iommu group 8
[    0.694802] pci 0000:00:1f.3: Adding to iommu group 8
[    0.694828] pci 0000:00:1f.4: Adding to iommu group 8
[    0.694855] pci 0000:00:1f.5: Adding to iommu group 8
[    0.694897] pci 0000:01:00.0: Adding to iommu group 9
[    0.694926] pci 0000:02:00.0: Adding to iommu group 10
[    0.698944] DMAR: Intel(R) Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O
[    0.698977] PCI-DMA: Using software bounce buffering for IO (SWIOTLB)
[    0.698985] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0x0000000063000000-0x0000000067000000] (64MB)
[    0.700987] Freeing initrd memory: 7244K
[    0.709151] kvm: already loaded vendor module 'kvm_intel'
[    0.709170] clocksource: tsc: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1128af0325d, max_idle_ns: 440795261011 ns
[    0.709208] clocksource: Switched to clocksource tsc
[    0.709287] platform rtc_cmos: registered platform RTC device (no PNP device found)
[    0.710444] CPU feature 'AVX registers' is not supported.
[    0.710700] CPU feature 'AVX registers' is not supported.
[    0.710709] AVX2 instructions are not detected.
[    0.710738] AVX or AES-NI instructions are not detected.
[    0.710746] AVX2 or AES-NI instructions are not detected.
[    0.710781] CPU feature 'AVX registers' is not supported.
[    0.710788] CPU feature 'AVX registers' is not supported.
[    0.727244] Initialise system trusted keyrings
[    0.727469] workingset: timestamp_bits=46 max_order=21 bucket_order=0
[    0.728009] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
[    0.728553] Key type cifs.idmap registered
[    0.728564] fuse: init (API version 7.37)
[    0.728816] SGI XFS with ACLs, security attributes, quota, no debug enabled
[    0.729292] 9p: Installing v9fs 9p2000 file system support
[    0.752327] NET: Registered PF_ALG protocol family
[    0.752341] Key type asymmetric registered
[    0.752348] Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered
[    0.753056] alg: self-tests for CTR-KDF (hmac(sha256)) passed
[    0.753114] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 248)
[    0.753228] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[    0.753237] io scheduler kyber registered
[    0.754896] shpchp: Standard Hot Plug PCI Controller Driver version: 0.4
[    0.755306] input: Sleep Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0C0E:00/input/input0
[    0.755386] ACPI: button: Sleep Button [SLPB]
[    0.755474] input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0C0C:00/input/input1
[    0.755570] ACPI: button: Power Button [PWRB]
[    0.755683] input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input2
[    0.755763] ACPI: button: Power Button [PWRF]
[    0.758112] thermal LNXTHERM:00: registered as thermal_zone0
[    0.758124] ACPI: thermal: Thermal Zone [TZ02] (-1 C)
[    0.759214] thermal LNXTHERM:01: registered as thermal_zone1
[    0.759225] ACPI: thermal: Thermal Zone [TZ00] (0 C)
[    0.760069] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
[    0.761321] Non-volatile memory driver v1.3
[    0.761417] Hangcheck: starting hangcheck timer 0.9.1 (tick is 180 seconds, margin is 60 seconds).
[    0.775644] tpm_tis MSFT0101:00: 2.0 TPM (device-id 0xFC, rev-id 1)
[    0.790470] brd: module loaded
[    0.794655] loop: module loaded
[    0.807582] Microchip SmartPQI Driver (v2.1.18-045)
[    0.807637] megasas: 07.719.03.00-rc1
[    0.807694] mpt3sas version 43.100.00.00 loaded
[    0.807952] VMware PVSCSI driver - version 1.0.7.0-k
[    0.807980] hv_vmbus: registering driver hv_storvsc
[    0.808469] ahci 0000:00:17.0: version 3.0
[    0.809088] ahci 0000:00:17.0: AHCI 0001.0301 32 slots 2 ports 6 Gbps 0x3 impl SATA mode
[    0.809104] ahci 0000:00:17.0: flags: 64bit ncq sntf pm clo only pio slum part deso sadm sds 
[    0.809826] scsi host0: ahci
[    0.810159] scsi host1: ahci
[    0.810271] ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0x7fe02000 port 0x7fe02100 irq 124
[    0.810287] ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0x7fe02000 port 0x7fe02180 irq 124
[    0.810991] Rounding down aligned max_sectors from 4294967295 to 4294967288
[    0.811094] db_root: cannot open: /etc/target
[    0.811358] tun: Universal TUN/TAP device driver, 1.6
[    0.811508] VMware vmxnet3 virtual NIC driver - version 1.7.0.0-k-NAPI
[    0.811549] hv_vmbus: registering driver hv_netvsc
[    0.811557] Fusion MPT base driver 3.04.20
[    0.811564] Copyright (c) 1999-2008 LSI Corporation
[    0.811586] Fusion MPT SPI Host driver 3.04.20
[    0.811726] VFIO - User Level meta-driver version: 0.3
[    0.812381] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: xHCI Host Controller
[    0.812413] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
[    0.813849] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: hcc params 0x20007fc1 hci version 0x120 quirks 0x0000000200009810
[    0.814448] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: xHCI Host Controller
[    0.814462] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
[    0.814474] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: Host supports USB 3.1 Enhanced SuperSpeed
[    0.814927] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    0.814967] hub 1-0:1.0: 10 ports detected
[    0.819526] hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    0.819559] hub 2-0:1.0: 4 ports detected
[    0.821186] usb: port power management may be unreliable
[    0.821444] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[    0.821519] i8042: PNP: No PS/2 controller found.
[    0.821526] i8042: Probing ports directly.
[    0.822942] i8042: No controller found
[    0.822983] hv_vmbus: registering driver hyperv_keyboard
[    0.823179] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
[    0.823636] input: PC Speaker as /devices/platform/pcspkr/input/input3
[    0.823844] rtc_cmos rtc_cmos: RTC can wake from S4
[    0.825096] rtc_cmos rtc_cmos: registered as rtc0
[    0.825312] rtc_cmos rtc_cmos: setting system clock to 2024-04-23T16:12:25 UTC (1713888745)
[    0.825382] rtc_cmos rtc_cmos: alarms up to one month, y3k, 114 bytes nvram
[    0.825407] i2c_dev: i2c /dev entries driver
[    0.825424] fail to initialize ptp_kvm
[    0.825703] device-mapper: ioctl: 4.47.0-ioctl (2022-07-28) initialised: dm-devel@redhat.com
[    0.825848] intel_pstate: Intel P-state driver initializing
[    0.826129] intel_pstate: HWP enabled
[    0.826146] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver
[    0.826149] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman
[    0.826165] sdhci-pci 0000:00:1a.0: SDHCI controller found [8086:4b47] (rev 11)
[    0.827169] mmc0: CQHCI version 5.10
[    0.827342] mmc0: SDHCI controller on PCI [0000:00:1a.0] using ADMA 64-bit
[    0.827412] sdhci-pltfm: SDHCI platform and OF driver helper
[    0.827446] ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs
[    0.827953] pstore: Registered efi as persistent store backend
[    0.828140] hv_utils: Registering HyperV Utility Driver
[    0.828144] hv_vmbus: registering driver hv_utils
[    0.828147] hv_vmbus: registering driver hv_balloon
[    0.828184] GACT probability on
[    0.828189] Mirror/redirect action on
[    0.828234] Simple TC action Loaded
[    0.828259] u32 classifier
[    0.828261]     Performance counters on
[    0.828264]     input device check on
[    0.828266]     Actions configured
[    0.829291] xt_time: kernel timezone is -0000
[    0.829317] IPVS: Registered protocols (TCP, UDP, SCTP, AH, ESP)
[    0.829328] IPVS: Connection hash table configured (size=4096, memory=32Kbytes)
[    0.829332] IPVS: Each connection entry needs 288 bytes at least
[    0.829395] IPVS: ipvs loaded.
[    0.829399] IPVS: [rr] scheduler registered.
[    0.829402] IPVS: [wrr] scheduler registered.
[    0.829405] IPVS: [lc] scheduler registered.
[    0.829407] IPVS: [wlc] scheduler registered.
[    0.829410] IPVS: [fo] scheduler registered.
[    0.829412] IPVS: [ovf] scheduler registered.
[    0.829417] IPVS: [lblc] scheduler registered.
[    0.829421] IPVS: [lblcr] scheduler registered.
[    0.829424] IPVS: [dh] scheduler registered.
[    0.829427] IPVS: [sh] scheduler registered.
[    0.829429] IPVS: [sed] scheduler registered.
[    0.829432] IPVS: [nq] scheduler registered.
[    0.829480] ipip: IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
[    0.829646] gre: GRE over IPv4 demultiplexor driver
[    0.829666] ipt_CLUSTERIP: ClusterIP Version 0.8 loaded successfully
[    0.829684] Initializing XFRM netlink socket
[    0.829861] NET: Registered PF_INET6 protocol family
[    0.830288] Segment Routing with IPv6
[    0.830316] In-situ OAM (IOAM) with IPv6
[    0.830555] NET: Registered PF_PACKET protocol family
[    0.830561] NET: Registered PF_KEY protocol family
[    0.830576] Bridge firewalling registered
[    0.830583] 8021q: 802.1Q VLAN Support v1.8
[    0.830607] 9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support
[    0.830663] Key type dns_resolver registered
[    0.830724] NET: Registered PF_VSOCK protocol family
[    0.830976] microcode: sig=0x90661, pf=0x1, revision=0x17
[    0.830995] microcode: Microcode Update Driver: v2.2.
[    0.831001] IPI shorthand broadcast: enabled
[    0.831014] SSE version of gcm_enc/dec engaged.
[    0.831421] sched_clock: Marking stable (838296953, -6900720)-(841179128, -9782895)
[    0.831658] registered taskstats version 1
[    0.831668] Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates
[    0.832890] Loaded X.509 cert 'Build time autogenerated kernel key: 989af4ddff6e95c30e190bb4f6fcd858240d3816'
[    0.832921] Key type .fscrypt registered
[    0.832925] Key type fscrypt-provisioning registered
[    0.833030] pstore: Using crash dump compression: deflate
[    0.833442] Key type encrypted registered
[    0.833501] AppArmor: AppArmor sha1 policy hashing enabled
[    0.837969] Waiting 3 sec before mounting root device...
[    0.955175] mmc0: Command Queue Engine enabled
[    0.955183] mmc0: new HS400 Enhanced strobe MMC card at address 0001
[    0.955397] mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 DA6064 58.2 GiB 
[    0.957767]  mmcblk0: p1 p2 p3 p4 p9
[    0.958131] mmcblk0boot0: mmc0:0001 DA6064 4.00 MiB 
[    0.958581] mmcblk0boot1: mmc0:0001 DA6064 4.00 MiB 
[    0.958981] mmcblk0rpmb: mmc0:0001 DA6064 4.00 MiB, chardev (242:0)
[    1.134388] ata1: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[    1.134417] ata2: SATA link down (SStatus 4 SControl 300)
[    1.134496] ata1.00: ATA-11: SQF-SMSM4-512G-SBC, SBFMA013, max UDMA/133
[    1.134535] ata1.00: 1000215216 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 32), AA
[    1.134738] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
[    1.134897] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access     ATA      SQF-SMSM4-512G-S A013 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[    1.135249] sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
[    1.135289] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 1000215216 512-byte logical blocks: (512 GB/477 GiB)
[    1.135311] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[    1.135318] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[    1.135345] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[    1.135385] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Preferred minimum I/O size 512 bytes
[    1.137099]  sda: sda1
[    1.137181] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
[    3.863295] block device autoloading is deprecated and will be removed.
[    3.867209] VFS: Mounted root (squashfs filesystem) readonly on device 179:2.
[    3.868668] Freeing unused kernel image (initmem) memory: 2144K
[    3.903115] Write protecting the kernel read-only data: 24576k
[    3.903756] Freeing unused kernel image (text/rodata gap) memory: 2032K
[    3.904099] Freeing unused kernel image (rodata/data gap) memory: 1544K
[    3.904112] Run /sbin/init as init process
[    3.904115]   with arguments:
[    3.904115]     /sbin/init
[    3.904116]     dom0_vcpus_pin
[    3.904117]   with environment:
[    3.904118]     HOME=/
[    3.904118]     TERM=linux
[    3.904119]     BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/kernel
[    3.904120]     dom0_mem=800M,max:800M
[    3.904120]     dom0_max_vcpus=1
[    3.904121]     eve_mem=650M,max:650M
[    3.904122]     eve_max_vcpus=1
[    3.904122]     ctrd_mem=400M,max:400M
[    3.904123]     ctrd_max_vcpus=1
[    3.904124]     change=500
[    3.904124]     split_lock_detect=off
[    4.959490] i801_smbus 0000:00:1f.4: SPD Write Disable is set
[    4.959619] i801_smbus 0000:00:1f.4: SMBus using PCI interrupt
[    4.962037] i2c i2c-0: 1/2 memory slots populated (from DMI)
[    4.962608] i2c i2c-0: Successfully instantiated SPD at 0x50
[    4.991197] igb: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Driver
[    4.991207] igb: Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Intel Corporation.
[    4.991248] igb 0000:01:00.0: enabling device (0000 - 0002)
[    5.019829] pps pps0: new PPS source ptp0
[    5.019927] igb 0000:01:00.0: added PHC on eth0
[    5.019934] igb 0000:01:00.0: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
[    5.019938] igb 0000:01:00.0: eth0: (PCIe:2.5Gb/s:Width x1) cc:82:7f:4b:63:43
[    5.019944] igb 0000:01:00.0: eth0: PBA No: FFFFFF-0FF
[    5.019947] igb 0000:01:00.0: Using MSI-X interrupts. 4 rx queue(s), 4 tx queue(s)
[    5.019997] igb 0000:02:00.0: enabling device (0000 - 0002)
[    5.049476] pps pps1: new PPS source ptp1
[    5.052011] igb 0000:02:00.0: added PHC on eth1
[    5.052019] igb 0000:02:00.0: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
[    5.052024] igb 0000:02:00.0: eth1: (PCIe:2.5Gb/s:Width x1) cc:82:7f:4b:63:44
[    5.052029] igb 0000:02:00.0: eth1: PBA No: FFFFFF-0FF
[    5.052033] igb 0000:02:00.0: Using MSI-X interrupts. 4 rx queue(s), 4 tx queue(s)
[    6.346787] zunicode: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
[    6.346799] zunicode: module license 'CDDL' taints kernel.
[    6.346803] Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint
[    6.885815] ZFS: Loaded module v2.1.12-1, ZFS pool version 5000, ZFS filesystem version 5
[    8.287371] random: crng init done
[    8.989405] os_em32x: Checking for OS devices...
[    9.074067] os_em32x: Checking for OS devices...
[    9.178858] leds_siemens_ipc127: No SIMATIC IPC127E detected.
[    9.294071] leds_siemens_ipc127: No SIMATIC IPC127E detected.
[    9.933537] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p9): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
[   13.102419] audit: type=1400 audit(1713888757.359:2): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="tpm2" pid=1290 comm="apparmor_parser"
[   13.127872] audit: type=1400 audit(1713888757.389:3): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="vtpm" pid=1292 comm="apparmor_parser"
[   13.153247] audit: type=1400 audit(1713888757.419:4): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="guacd" pid=1294 comm="apparmor_parser"
[   17.864306] usbcore: registered new interface driver qcserial
[   17.864328] usbserial: USB Serial support registered for Qualcomm USB modem
[   17.868581] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_wdm
[   17.896233] usbcore: registered new interface driver qmi_wwan
[   17.899763] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ether
[   17.901073] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ncm
[   17.902195] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_mbim
[   17.906816] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_acm
[   17.906823] cdc_acm: USB Abstract Control Model driver for USB modems and ISDN adapters
[   18.561340] udevd[12]: starting eudev-3.2.11
[   21.657012] igb 0000:01:00.0 keth0: renamed from eth0
[   21.788872] 8021q: adding VLAN 0 to HW filter on device keth0
[   21.791520] eth0: port 1(keth0) entered blocking state
[   21.791532] eth0: port 1(keth0) entered disabled state
[   21.791605] device keth0 entered promiscuous mode
[   21.849164] fscrypt: AES-256-CTS-CBC using implementation "cts-cbc-aes-aesni"
[   21.850646] igb 0000:02:00.0 keth1: renamed from eth1
[   21.927048] 8021q: adding VLAN 0 to HW filter on device keth1
[   21.929118] eth1: port 1(keth1) entered blocking state
[   21.929130] eth1: port 1(keth1) entered disabled state
[   21.929238] device keth1 entered promiscuous mode
[   21.978878] Can't find a SQUASHFS superblock on mmcblk0p3
[   21.999008] cfg80211: Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates for regulatory database
[   21.999347] cfg80211: Loaded X.509 cert 'sforshee: 00b28ddf47aef9cea7'
[   24.913647] igb 0000:01:00.0 keth0: igb: keth0 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: RX/TX
[   25.033354] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): keth0: link becomes ready
[   25.033420] eth0: port 1(keth0) entered blocking state
[   25.033426] eth0: port 1(keth0) entered forwarding state
[   25.033630] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
[   31.123634] device bn1 entered promiscuous mode
[   31.253174] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: remove, state 4
[   31.253190] usb usb2: USB disconnect, device number 1
[   31.254548] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: USB bus 2 deregistered
[   31.254597] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: remove, state 4
[   31.254603] usb usb1: USB disconnect, device number 1
[   31.257032] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: USB bus 1 deregistered
[   31.271307] vfio-pci 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: deactivate vga console
[   31.271320] vfio-pci 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: changed VGA decodes: olddecodes=io+mem,decodes=io+mem:owns=io+mem
[   31.470952] fscrypt: AES-256-XTS using implementation "xts-aes-aesni"
[   31.934837]  sda: sda1

lsusb
/:  Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/4p, 10000M
    ID 1d6b:0003  
/:  Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/10p, 480M
    ID 1d6b:0002  


Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux 6.1.38-linuxkit-3e39cb4a2fc4 xhci-hcd xHCI Host Controller
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux 6.1.38-linuxkit-3e39cb4a2fc4 xhci-hcd xHCI Host Controller

</giometti@linux.it>
Example lsub
lsusb
/:  Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/4p, 10000M
    ID 1d6b:0003  
/:  Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/10p, 480M
    ID 1d6b:0002  


Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux 6.1.38-linuxkit-3e39cb4a2fc4 xhci-hcd xHCI Host Controller
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux 6.1.38-linuxkit-3e39cb4a2fc4 xhci-hcd xHCI Host Controller

 

Watch the Video

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Next Steps

This is a series of articles. You will likely follow them in this order.

  1. Create a Hardware Model - You are here!
  2. Use the ZEDEDA CLI to Upload a Hardware Model
  3. Use ZCLI to Update a Hardware Model Logo

After you’ve completed the series, you might be interested in the following articles. 

Onboard an Edge Node to ZEDEDA Cloud

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